Clinical Endoscopic Parameters of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding. A study on endoscopic evaluation of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Clinical and endoscopic profile of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding at tertiary care center of North India. Endoscopic findings in upper gastrointestinal bleeding patients at Lacorhospital, northern Uganda. Spectrum of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in coastal Odisha. The National Audit of Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage. Variation in outcome after acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Rockall TA, Logan RFA, Devlin HB, Northfield TC. Raven Publishers, Philadelphia, and New York. In: Gastrointestinal Bleeding in The Washington Manual of Medical Therapeutics University School of Medicine, St. Epidemiology of hospitalization for acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: A population-based study. Management of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. 102 (92.72%) were improved and subsequently discharged while 8 (7.27%) patients expired during the course of treatment.Ĭonclusions: Endoscopic examination is an important modality in both diagnosis and managing UGIB and helps to reduce morbidity, mortality and also need for surgery of the disease significantly.Īmarsingh Shingade, Department of Surgery, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India 55 (50%) patients required only medical (Pharmacological) management and 50 (44.54%) patients require endoscopic management. Esophageal varices 50 (45.45%) was the most common diagnosis and the most common past history was alcohol intake 48 (43.63%). 85(77.27%) patients were presented during first episode of their bleeding. Results: Hematemesis was the most common symptom with 62(56.36%) patients. Therapeutic Intervention (Band ligation, glue injection, clipping etc.) was done as required on case to case basis. Methods: A total of 110 patients of UGIB were evaluated over a period of 30 months for etiology of UGIB like peptic ulcer, variceal bleeding, gastritis, Barrett’s esophagus and malignancy. The present study was undertaken to know the clinical profile, endoscopic profile, intervention, outcome and mortality of upper GI bleed. In spite of tremendous advancement in management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) over past two decades, it carries considerable mortality, morbidity. This Review article comprehensively analyzes the principles, indications, instrumentation, techniques, and efficacy of endoscopic hemostasis.Department of Surgery, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, IndiaĮndoscopy, Hematemesis, Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), Varices Abstractīackground: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is life threatening emergency that remains a common cause of hospitalization worldwide. Endoscopic dual hemostasis by an experienced endoscopist reduces the risk of rebleeding, the need for surgery, the number of blood transfusions required, and the length of hospital stay. Combination therapy, especially injection followed by either ablation or mechanical therapy, is generally recommended to further reduce the risk of rebleeding to about 10%. Monotherapy reduces the risk of rebleeding in patients with peptic ulcer disease with major SRH to about 20%. Endoscopic therapies include injection, ablation, and mechanical therapy. For peptic ulcer disease-the most common etiology of UGIB-endoscopic therapy is indicated for findings of major SRH, such as active bleeding, oozing, or the presence of a nonbleeding visible vessel, but not indicated for minor SRH, such as a pigmented flat spot or a simple ulcer with a homogeneous clean base. The performance of endoscopic therapy depends on findings of stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH). Endoscopy is the primary diagnostic and therapeutic tool for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB).
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